Infants Can Tell Happy Music From Sad

Babies as young as five months old can distinguish between upbeat and gloomy music, providing more evidence that the brain's ability to detect emotion develops early, researchers report.

"They can tell emotions apart," said study author Ross Flom, an associate professor of psychology at Brigham Young University, in Provo, Utah. "They don't understand that this is happy music and this is sad music, but they know they're different."

Scientists already knew that babies can distinguish between elements of music like pitch and tempo, Flom said, but until now, no one had studied if they could also notice the difference between types of emotion.

While the babies in the study were too young to talk, they did have the ability to express interest in the outside world and become bored. So, the study authors latched onto this trait to figure out how they perceived music.

The researchers recruited 96 babies and played various types of music for them, Flom said.

Some of the music was upbeat, including the theme from the "Peanuts" TV shows, the fourth movement from Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 ("Ode to Joy") and the jazz piece "Tiger Rag," performed by the New Orleans group Preservation Hall Jazz Band.

Other selections tended toward the sad side, including the second movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 7.

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